Whats better for fat loss weight lifting or cardio work free essay sample

Nowadays, more and more people are starting to be aware of the seriousness of the obesity. Thus, people start to go to the gym workout, try to lose weight while building up the muscle to have them look fitter. Muscle, which came from the muscular system, it responsible every movement of the body. Skeletal muscle is one of the muscle tissue, and it is the only voluntary muscle tissue in the human body. Each time we perform a physical action, the muscle contraction will occur and produce tension that our body needs for physical activity, such as talk or excise. In this paper, I will be discussing how molecular mechanism occurs in the muscle during contraction and the role of ATP plays during the muscle contraction and relationship to the rigor mortis. Muscle contraction is the process to develop tension within the muscle tissue. Two of the key protein involved in the process of muscle contraction is the myosin and actin. We will write a custom essay sample on Whats better for fat loss: weight lifting or cardio work? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When myosin and actin interact, the shape of muscle cell will change. The theory that scientists come up with is the sliding filament theory, according to the A Dictionary of biology, it states that:â€Å"A proposed mechanism of muscle contraction in which the actin and myosin filaments of striated muscle slide over each other to shorten the length of the muscle fibers (see sarcomere). Myosin-binding sites on the actin filaments are exposed when calcium ions bind to troponin molecules in these filaments. This allows bridges to form between actin and myosin, which requires ATP as an energy source. Hydrolysis of ATP in the heads of the myosin molecules causes the heads to change shape and bind to the actin filaments. The release of ADP from the myosin heads causes a further change in shape and generates mechanical energy that causes the actin and myosin filaments to slide over one another† (Oxford University Press).In another word, when contraction occurs, actin filament will slide over myosin filament, this movement of protein will cause a shape change of the muscle cell, which produce tension and movement. Since skeletal muscles are voluntary cells, our brain will continuously be sending the commands and get stimulated by the nerve impulses. The signal that is being sent out from the brain is action potential, which is â€Å"stimulation of the cell by neurotransmitters or by sensory receptor cells partially opens channel-shaped protein molecules in the membrane. Sodium diffuses into the cell, shifting that part of the membrane toward a less-negative polarization† (propagated potential). There are three types of muscle contraction, depending on the muscle, and the reason for the contraction. isotonicCitation Pageâ€Å"Sliding filament theory.† Oxfordreference.com.proxy.library.csi.cuny.edu, Oxford University Press, 2008, www.oxfordreference.com.proxy.library.csi.cuny.edu/view/10.1093/acref/9780199204625.001.0001/acref-9780199204625-e-4101.â€Å"Propagated potential.† Academic.eb.com.proxy.library.csi.cuny.edu, academic.eb.com.proxy.library.csi.cuny.edu/levels/collegiate/article/action-potential/3611.

Admiral Lord Thomas Cochrane in the Napoleonic Wars

Admiral Lord Thomas Cochrane in the Napoleonic Wars Thomas Cochrane - Early Life: Thomas Cochrane was born December 14, 1775, at Annsfield, Scotland. The son of Archibald Cochrane, 9th Earl of Dundonald and Anna Gilchrist, he spent the majority of his early years at the familys estate in Culross. Under the practice of the day his uncle, Alexander Cochrane, an officer in the Royal Navy, had his name entered on the books of naval vessels at age five. Though technically illegal, this practice reduced the amount of time Cochrane would need to serve before becoming an officer if he elected to pursue a naval career. As another option, his father also secured him a commission in the British Army. Going to Sea: In 1793, with the beginning of the French Revolutionary Wars, Cochrane joined the Royal Navy. Initially assigned to his uncles ship HMS Hind (28 guns), he soon following the elder Cochrane to HMS Thetis (38). Learning his trade on the North American station, he was appointed an acting lieutenant in 1795, before passing his lieutenants exams the following year. Following several assignments in America, he was made eighth lieutenant on Lord Keiths flagship HMS Barfleur (90) in 1798. Serving in the Mediterranean, he clashed with the ships first lieutenant, Philip Beaver. HMS Speedy: Angered by the young officer, Beaver ordered him court-martialed for disrespect. Though found innocent, Cochrane was reprimanded for flippancy. The incident with Beaver marked the first of several problems with superiors and peers that marred Cochranes career. Promoted to commander, Cochrane was given command of the brig HMS Speedy (14) on March 28, 1800. Putting to sea, Cochrane was tasked with preying upon French and Spanish shipping. Ruthlessly effective, he captured prize after prize and proved a brazen and daring commander. Also an innovator, he once eluded a pursuing enemy frigate by building a raft mounted with a lantern. Ordering Speedy blacked out that night, he set the raft adrift and watched as the frigate chased the lantern through the darkness while Speedy escaped. The high point of his command of Speedy came on May 6, 1801, when he captured the Spanish xebec frigate El Gamo (32). Closing under the guise of the American flag, he maneuvered at close range pummeling the Spanish ship. Unable to depress their guns low enough to strike Speedy, the Spanish were forced to board. In the resulting action, Cochranes outnumbered crew was able to carry the enemy ship. Cochranes run came to an end two months later when Speedy was captured by three French ships of the line led by Admiral Charles-Alexandre Linois on July 3. During his command of Speedy, Cochrane captured or destroyed 53 enemy vessels and frequently raided the coast. Exchanged a short time later, Cochrane was promoted to post-captain in August. With the Peace of Amiens in 1802, Cochrane briefly attended the University of Edinburgh. With the resumption of hostilities in 1803, he was given command of HMS Arab (22). The Sea Wolf: A ship with poor handling, Arab afforded Cochrane few opportunities and his assignment to the vessel and subsequent posting to the Orkney Islands were effectively punishment for crossing the First Lord of the Admiralty, Earl St. Vincent. In 1804, St. Vincent was replaced by Viscount Melville and Cochranes fortunes improved. Given command of the new frigate HMS Pallas (32) in 1804, he cruised the Azores and French coast capturing and destroying several Spanish and French vessels. Transferred to HMS Imperieuse (38) in August 1806, he returned to the Mediterranean. Terrorizing the French coast, he earned the nickname Sea Wolf from the enemy. Becoming a master of coastal warfare, Cochrane frequently led cutting out missions to seize enemy ships and captured French coastal installations. In 1808, his men occupied the fortress of Mongat in Spain which delayed the advance of General Guillaume Duhesmes army for a month. In April 1809, Cochrane was tasked with leading a fire ship attack as part of the Battle of the Basque Roads. While his initial attack greatly disrupted the French fleet, his commander, Lord Gambier, failed to effectively follow up to completely destroy the enemy. Cochranes Fall: Elected to Parliament from Honiton in 1806, Cochrane sided with the Radicals and frequently criticized the prosecution of the war and campaigned against corruption in the Royal Navy. These efforts further lengthened his list of enemies. Publically criticizing Gambier in the wake of Basque Roads, he alienated many senior members of the Admiralty and did not receive another command. Though loved by the public, he became isolated in Parliament as he angered his peers with his outspoken views. Marrying Katherine Barnes in 1812, Cochranes downfall came two years later during Great Stock Exchange Fraud of 1814. In early 1814, Cochrane was accused and convicted of being a conspirator in defrauding the Stock Exchange. Though subsequent examinations of the records show he should have been found innocent, he was expelled from Parliament and the Royal Navy, as well as was stripped of his knighthood. Promptly re-elected to Parliament that July, Cochrane relentlessly campaigned that he was innocent and that his conviction was the work of his political enemies. In 1817, Cochrane accepted an invitation from Chilean leader Bernardo OHiggins to take command of the Chilean Navy in its war of independence from Spain. Commanding Around the World: Named vice admiral and commander in chief, Cochrane arrived in South America in November 1818. Immediately restructuring the fleet along British lines, Cochrane commanded from the frigate OHiggins (44). Quickly showing the daring that had made him famous in Europe, Cochrane raided the coast of Peru and captured the town of Valdivia in February 1820. After conveying General Jose de San Martins army to Peru, Cochrane blockaded the coast and later cut out the Spanish frigate Esmeralda. With Peruvian independence secured, Cochrane soon fell out with his superiors over monetary compensation and claims that he was treated with contempt. Departing Chile, he was given command of the Brazilian Navy in 1823. Conducting a successful campaign against the Portuguese, he was made Marquis of Maranho by Emperor Pedro I. After putting down a rebellion the following year, he made claims that a large amount of prize money was owed to him and the fleet. When this was not forthcoming, he and his men seized the public funds in So Luà ­s do Maranho and looted the ships in the harbor before leaving for Britain. Reaching Europe, he briefly led Greek naval forces in 1827-1828 during their struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire. Later Life: Returning to Britain, Cochrane was finally pardoned in May 1832 at a meeting of the Privy Council. Though restored to the Navy List with a promotion to rear admiral, he refused to accept a command until his knighthood was returned. This did not occur until Queen Victoria reinstated him as a knight in the Order of Bath in 1847. Now a vice admiral, Cochrane served as commander in chief of the North American and West Indies station from 1848-1851. Promoted to admiral in 1851, he was given the honorary title of Rear Admiral of the United Kingdom three years later. Troubled by kidney stones, he died during an operation on October 31, 1860. One of the most daring commanders of the Napoleonic Wars, Cochrane inspired such notable fictional characters as C.S. Foresters Horatio Hornblower and Patrick OBrians Jack Aubrey. Selected Sources National Maritime Museum: Admiral Lord Thomas CochraneWestminster Abbey: Lord Thomas Cochrane

Elements Named for Places - Element Toponyms

Elements Named for Places - Element Toponyms This is an alphabetical list of element toponyms or elements named for places or regions. Ytterby in Sweden has given its name to four elements: Erbium, Terbium, Ytterbium, and Yttrium. Americium – America, the AmericasBerkelium – University of California at BerkeleyCalifornium – State of California and University of California at BerkeleyCopper - probably named for CyprusDarmstadtium – Darmstadt, GermanyDubnium – Dubna, RussiaErbium – Ytterby, a town in SwedenEuropium – EuropeFrancium – FranceGallium – Gallia, Latin for France. Also named for Lecoq de Boisbaudran, the elements discoverer (Lecoq in Latin is gallus)Germanium – GermanyHafnium – Hafnia, Latin for CopenhagenHassium – Hesse, GermanyHolmium – Holmia, Latin for StockholmLutetium – Lutecia, an ancient name for ParisMagnesium – Magnesia prefecture in Thessaly, GreecePolonium – PolandRhenium – Rhenus, Latin for the Rhine, a German provinceRuthenium – Ruthenia, Latin for RussiaScandium – Scandia, Latin for ScandinaviaStrontium – Strontian, a town in ScotlandTerbium  œ Ytterby, SwedenThulium – Thule, a mythical island in the far north (perhaps in Scandinavia)Ytterbium – Ytterby, SwedenYttrium – Ytterby, Sweden

Social Security Act of 1935 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Security Act of 1935 - Essay Example The wages paid to the workers varied to a great margin, meaning that some of these workers were oppressed by the lack of a system to harmonize wages (Martin & Weaver, 2005). In particular, older workers suffered the most as they were subjected to very low wages, while their younger counterparts were receiving better payments. Apart from the glaring differences in wage payment, the workers were also faced with challenges such as probable loss of wages due to deaths, retirements, and disabilities (Martin & Weaver, 2005). All these factors combined, called for the establishment of a social system that would cushion the workers against loss of income. The strongest facilitator for the creation and enactment of the Act, however, was the great depression which occurred in 1929, a time during which a lot of families suffered economically, and in turn, socially (Martin & Weaver, 2005). The 1935 Social Security Act was enacted for the purpose of enabling the federal government, in collaboration with state governments to provide social welfare to needy groups. These groups included aged people, people with disabilities, expectant mothers and children, victims of industrial accidents, and the unemployed (Martin & Weaver, 2005). For these services to be actualized there was need for the creation of a social security board which would be tasked with making plans for the roll-out of these benefits, and managing funds involved in the process. Once established, the program provided monthly benefits to people aged 65 years and older who had were no longer engaged in regular employment (Martin & Weaver, 2005). The retirees were paid benefits according to the average wages they had been earning prior to retirement. Later on in 1939, Martin & Weaver (2005) write that the retirement program was extended to cover the retiree’s dependents, meaning the wife, who had to be at least 65 years old, and children. The program was not only concerned with the welfare of the aged

Services marketing environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Services marketing environment - Essay Example Moreover he will give some recommendations from the results and the analysis, which will help the hotels to be improved. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a summary as well as an interpretation from research findings of the secondary data, by books, journal articles, reports, electronic databases and websites in order to drown the literature. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the roles and purpose of the HR in organizations in general will be included, how HR assists in the organization and how HR helps the organization strategy. Moreover, the research is concentrated on the HRM in companies. Finally, some information about the HRM in hotels will be given. This chapter is very helpful in increasing the knowledge relative to the studying area since the results and the findings of the primary data will be related with the literature review. Therefore, the knowledge from literature review is going to provide a more professional research that will focus on the purpose of this research. Also, the purpose of this is to offer an overview of significant information published on the topic in order to narrow down the research questions to a specific, suitable form. 'The study of consumer behaviour is at this time seen as a 'behavioural or social science.' There are many that would challenge that this is a misnomer although it is not strictly a 'science', in it purest form when compared with the 'Natural' and 'Mathematical sciences'. Watson states, "Behavioural Science is a purely objective experimental branch of Natural Science." To understand the real reasons people purchase one brand over the other, it is necessary to understand their underlying needs and concerns. In the past the theory of consumer behaviour has come from psychology; however, with further study sociology, anthropology and economics also contribute. Social Influences/Class: 'Social class membership serves consumers as a border of reference for the growth of attitude and behaviour.' The hierarchical aspect of social class is significant to marketers. Consumers purchase products based on, either their own or a senior class, or their wanting to have an improved role and status in life (Andreassen, Paul B. 2002, 371-389). Interest have to be paid to social class, as it is a natural form of segmentation, which determines buyer behaviour. Due to this, Geodemographic clusters were developed to locate concentrates of consumers with particular characteristics. Many companies design products or services for specific social classes. Consumers from the lower classes may only dream of owning a BMW or Jewellery from Harry Winston, therefore marketers would not target them (Arkes, Hal R., 2003,

Oceanographic Properties Essay Example for Free

Oceanographic Properties Essay Oceanography is the study of the sea and oceans. It is composed of the geological study of the ocean floor and ocean features. The geological aspects of the oceanography include physical oceanography which is concerns with the physical attributes of the ocean water for example currents and temperatures and the chemical oceanography whose main focus is on the chemistry of ocean waters. Marine biology is the study of the oceanic flora and fauna. Oceanography also studies the meteorology which is the interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean. The Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, Arctic and Antarctic oceans and the Mediterranean Sea among others are integrated in oceanography. Naturalists as Thompson, a Scot, and John Murray a Canadian were among the first pioneers to discover and study oceanography. (Johnson 2005). The paper examines some of the physical, chemical and the marine features present in the oceans. Oceanographic Properties Physical oceanography refers to the discovery and the study of physics and the geography of the ocean currents and water properties. The major components are the dynamics of ocean currents on scales from centimeters to global, the ocean wave phenomena the distribution of heat and salt and their transport through the ocean basins, the exchange of the momentum, heat and freshwater between the ocean and the atmosphere, the interaction between the ocean and rivers, estuaries, ice and marginal seas. Physical geography has important application in global climate, oceanic mixing and coastal studies and in the studies of primary production, hydrothermal vents and oceanic flux and storage of carbon dioxide (Robert 2005). The ocean is composed of a mixture of 97% pure water and 3% other materials examples as salts, gases, organic substances, and the undisolved particles. Pure water determines the physical properties. The ocean is measureless covering 71% of the earth surface of which 65 % is considered open ocean- waters that lie far away from the costal ocean. Oceans are different with an averaging depth of more than two miles and containing vast life all over it even in the deepest bottoms. Oceanic life is composed of two major categories; the pelagic (ocean water) and the benthic (the sea floor). Pelagic is further divided with accordance of water depth. Fig 1. 0 parts of the ocean The first 200 meters of the ocean water is called the neritic zone which includes the seashore and offers abundant food for the larger animals due to the plentiful of small organisms. The ocean zone extends from 200 meters deep to the bottom of the ocean. Often the ocean zones are classified according to the amount of sunlight they receive. The top part which photosynthetic life is found called euphotic zone while the preceding zone is the dysphotic zone where light is too dim to support photosynthesis. The aphotic zone where there isn’t any light rays. Littoral zone is closest to the seashore covering a distance of 600 feet from the shoreline and is divided into three zones namely; the supralittoral which is submerged due to unusual high tides or during storm. The intertidal zone lies between the high and low tide lines then the sub-littoral which extends from low tide up to 200 meters. Ocean water salinity refers to the amount of salt found in the 1,000 grams of water. Majority of the salt content in the ocean comes from land but some originates from the undersea volcanoes thus the average ocean salinity is 35 grams of salt per 1,000 milligrams. An estuary refers to the point where fresh river water meets the oceans salty waters. Its salinity is different from the salinity of the ocean adjacent to it Most estuaries are found at river mouths and are thus long and narrow, resembling a channel. The water pressure increases with the increase in depth while the temperature which is the measure of hotness or coldness of an object is divided into three temperature vertical zones. ? Top layer is the surface or mixed layer and it’s greatly influenced by the solar system. ? The following layer is the thermocline and the temperature drops with the increase in depth, ? Then the third layer is deep-water layer and at this point the temperature decreases slowly with an increase in depth. In the ocean, the water density depends on the temperature, pressure and its salinity. For instance cold salty water is denser than fresh and warm water. The density further subdivides the ocean into three layers namely, the surface mixed where the temperature and saline content differs hence no great effect on density since it’s in direct contact with the air. Next layer is the transition zone where water remains cold and dense and it’s the barrier between the surface and the bottom zone allowing little water movement between the two zones. The bottom zone is where water remains cold and dense. This has been illustrated by the figure 2. 0 below. Fig. 2. 0 Density layers in the ocean Ocean currents The current keeps the ocean in a constant motion and moves large amounts of water into great distances. It is driven by wind forces, gravitational forces and tidal movement. There exists different types of current namely the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Eats wind drift, the North and Southern equatorial currents, the Peru currents, the Kureshio current and last the Gulf Stream. They flow in gyres which are loops of water. The gyres spin in a clockwise direction and in the southern hemisphere they do spin in anti-clockwise direction. The currents can be illustrated in the Figure 3. 0. The United States of America normally experiences the effects of the Gulf Stream currents in the Northern Atlantic zone, the equatorial current and the Canary current. Mostly affected coastlines are the Florida’s East coast, North Carolina and the Newfoundland. Figure 3. 0 oceanic currents Marine Biology By looking at the ocean surface, it is difficult for one to see the great diversity of life that exists in the ocean. The ocean inhibits different kinds of flora and fauna. They include the mammals, which are animals with backbones hence they are vertebrates. They unique features is that they breath air lungs, give birth to young ones, produce milk, are warm blooded and are covered with fur. They are the seals, sea lions, walruses, the sea oter and the polar bear. Other oceanic creatures include the giant squid, angelfish coelacanth, lantern fish, gulpers whales, sharks, fishes of all kinds. Other forms of ocean features are the coral reefs. (Cone 1992) Oceanic coasts There are various types of coasts in the ocean and the beaches are only but one type. They are divided into two categories namely the primary coasts and the secondary coasts. The primary coasts were created by non-marine processes. They happen because of changes in the land, such as river deltas or lava flows while the secondary coasts were formed by marine action and are caused by changes in the ocean, such as the creation of barrier islands or coral reefs. Reference Information on the â€Å"Focus on the Ocean† www. onr. navy Retrieved on 28th March 2009 Cone J. , (1992). â€Å"Fire under the Sea†, NY: Sage Robert H. S. (2005), â€Å"Introduction to physical oceanography† Texas: AM Information on â€Å"The introduction to physical Oceanography† www. es. flinders Retrieved on 28th March 2009: Australia: Flinders university Press. Johnson D. (2005) â€Å"Information that relates to the Ocean World† www. oceanworld. tamu www. whoi. edu Information on â€Å"The Marine Biology† www. springerlink. com Retrieved on 29th march 2009.

Close reading of the Poem Casey at the Bat :: essays research papers

1) Poetics: a. & b. Rhyme/ Rhythm A/14 A/14 B/14 B/14 C/14 C/14 D/14 D/14 E/14 E/14 D/14 D/14 F/14 F/14 G/14 G/14 H/14 H/14 D/14 D/14 I/14 I/14 D/14 D/14 J/14 J/14 K/14 K/14 L/14 L/14 M/14 M/14 N/14 N/14 O/14 O/14 P/14 P/14 Q/14 Q/14 R/14 R/14 S/14 S/14 T/14 T/14 U/14 U/14 V/14 V/14 W/14 W/14 c. No Real Meter d. Title: The title is linked to the figurative meaning because it shows the hope the team has of Casey. e. 4 lines per stanza f. 13 Stanzas with 4 lines each g. No italics h. No Bold i. There are quotes on lines 32, 35, 40, and 41 that just explain what people are saying literally j. The tone is reminiscing 2. Literal Meaning The Mudville team was predicted to lose They were losing without much time left Two players named Cooney and Barrows are out at first The crowed went quiet A few people in the crowed leave The rest stay with hope for the losing team The crowed thinks Casey is the last hope The team is gaining hope and confidence in Casey But before Casey was Flynn and jimmy Blake After casey came Lulu and the next player wasn?t very good There was a loosing feeling about There was no hope that Casey would ever get to bat Flynn hits a single every one is shocked Even though Blake wasn?t liked he hit the ball hard After the dust lifted the other team saw what happened Jimmy was on second and Flynn on third The crowed went wild The roar was so loud it was heard from far It Rang off the mountain and in the flat lands Because Casey was now at bat Casey seemed calm as he stepped up to bat He was very proud and showed a smile He tipped his hat as a response to the cheers Every one knew that is was Casey at bat The whole crowds eyes were on Casey as he rubbed his hands in the dirt They crowed watched as he wiped his hands on his shirt The pitcher rubbed the ball against his hip Casey sneered at the pitcher The ball was pitched Casey stood proudly watching the ball The ball sped past Casey Casey said ?that ain?t my style? and the umpire said ?strike one? The crowed roarded Like the roar of the ocean A person from the crowed exclaims Kill the umpire And the might have if Casey didn?t raise his hand Casey?s face showed a Christian like smile He quieted the crowed and let the game go on He signaled to the pitcher and the ball was thrown But Casey didn?t swing taking a second strike The crowed is unhappy with the call Casey looked at the crowed sternly and they were silenced His face grew stern and cold and his muscles tight Casey would swing at the next pitch Casey sneered and clinched his teeth He hit his bat against the plate The pitcher held the ball and let go